{"id":12311,"date":"2025-11-29T11:34:55","date_gmt":"2025-11-29T10:34:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/meteoinfo.si\/?p=12311"},"modified":"2025-11-29T11:35:49","modified_gmt":"2025-11-29T10:35:49","slug":"ojmjakon-zivljenje-v-ledenem-srcu-sibirije","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/meteoinfo.si\/en\/meteopedija\/vremenski-ekstremi\/ojmjakon-zivljenje-v-ledenem-srcu-sibirije\/","title":{"rendered":"Ojmjakon \u2013 \u017eivljenje v ledenem srcu Sibirije"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Kraju, ki mu pravijo tudi \u00bbte\u010daj mraza\u00ab, naziv najhladnej\u0161ega naseljenega kraja na svetu pripada \u017ee skoraj stoletje. V za\u010detku februarja 1933 so tam izmerili \u201367,7 stopinje Celzija, kar je uradno potrjen rekord za severno poloblo. Po neuradnih podatkih naj bi termometer leta 1926 pokazal celo \u201371,2 stopinje Celzija.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Foto: Ilya Varlamov, CC-BY-SA 4.0<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ojmjakon le\u017ei v Republiki Saha (Jakutiji), prostrani pokrajini na skrajnem severovzhodu Rusije. Kljub neizprosnemu podnebju skriva izjemno naravno bogastvo \u2013 obmo\u010dje je znano po obse\u017enih zalogah diamantov, pa tudi zlata, srebra in zemeljskega plina.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zakaj je tam tako mrzlo?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glavni razlog za izjemno nizke temperature je lega kraja v globoki kotlini, obdani z visokimi gorami vzhodne Sibirije. Ojmjakon le\u017ei ob reki Indigirka, na pribli\u017eno 750 metrih nadmorske vi\u0161ine, kjer se pogosto pojavlja temperaturni obrat. Hribovit teren deluje kot naravna past za hladen zrak, ki se pozimi kopi\u010di na dnu kotline in tam vztraja ve\u010d mesecev. Ker so no\u010di dolge, sonce pa se pozimi komaj dvigne nad obzorje, se zrak skoraj ne ogreje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pomemben vpliv ima tudi sibirski anticiklon, obse\u017eno obmo\u010dje visokega zra\u010dnega tlaka, ki pozimi prina\u0161a mirno, suho in jasno vreme. Ob brezvetrju toplota hitro uhaja iz tal, zrak pa se zaradi odsotnosti oblakov \u0161e dodatno ohladi. Ker vetra skoraj ni, se hladen zrak pri tleh ne more preme\u0161ati s toplej\u0161imi plastmi vi\u0161je v ozra\u010dju, zato se z vsako no\u010djo ohladi \u0161e bolj.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Foto: Maarten Takens (licenca: CC BY-SA 2.0)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dodaten vpliv na temperature ima oddaljenost od oceanov. Ker vpliva morskega zraka ni, so letna temperaturna nihanja izredno velika. Zimske razmere vztrajajo ve\u010dino leta. Prava zima se za\u010dne \u017ee oktobra in vztraja do aprila ali celo dlje. Povpre\u010dna januarska temperatura je okoli \u201350 stopinj Celzija. Poletja so kratka, a presenetljivo topla, saj temperature lahko prese\u017eejo 30 stopinj Celzija; julija 2010 so izmerili celo 34,6 stopinje Celzija. Letni temperaturni razpon tako presega 100 stopinj Celzija, kar je ena najve\u010djih razlik na svetu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tla so trajno zamrznjena \u2013 tako imenovani permafrost se ne odtaja niti poleti, saj toplota prodre le v zgornji sloj. V Ojmjakonu je globina zamrznjenih tal med najve\u010djimi na svetu, pribli\u017eno 1.500 metrov. Zaradi tega so vse hi\u0161e postavljene na betonske stebre, da toplota iz notranjosti ne bi segrevala tal in povzro\u010dila posedanja stavb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button>
Foto: Ilya Varlamov (licenca: CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u017divljenje v kotlini ledu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prebivalce Ojmjakona nizke temperature ne ovirajo pri njihovem vsakodnevnem \u017eivljenju. Otroci hodijo v \u0161olo, vse dokler se temperatura ne spusti pod \u201352 stopinj Celzija. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hi\u0161e so lesene, dobro izolirane in stalno ogrevane, notranja temperatura pa redko pade pod 20 stopinj Celzija. Avtomobile prebivalci pozimi skoraj nikoli ne uga\u0161ajo \u2013 motorji delujejo neprekinjeno, da gorivo ne bi zmrznilo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prehrana temelji predvsem na mesu in ribah, ki jih pogosto u\u017eivajo surove ali zamrznjene. Ena izmed zna\u010dilnih jedi je stroganina \u2013 tanke rezine zamrznjene ribe, posute s soljo. Hladilnikov skoraj ne potrebujejo, saj naravni mraz hrano ohranja sve\u017eo tudi na prostem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button>
Foto: Ilya Varlamov (licenca: CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Kratko poletje<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ko se po dolgi zimi kon\u010dno za\u010dne poletje, se Ojmjakon za nekaj tednov skoraj preobrazi. Temperature lahko prese\u017eejo 30 stopinj Celzija, vendar toplota prodre le nekaj centimetrov v tla, globlje plasti pa ostanejo zamrznjene. Narava o\u017eivi, tundra ozeleni in led na rekah se stali. Ker permafrost ne vpija vode, se voda zadr\u017euje na povr\u0161ju, zato se pojavijo lokalne poplave in mo\u010dvirja, ki lahko za\u010dasno ote\u017eijo promet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dnevi so dolgi in svetli, sonce skoraj ne zaide, zato doma\u010dini izkoristijo vsak trenutek \u2013 nabirajo jagodi\u010devje, lovijo ribe in popravljajo hi\u0161e, ki jih je na\u010dela zima. A toplota traja le kratek \u010das. \u017de konec avgusta se pono\u010di znova ob\u010dutno ohladi, megla se spu\u0161\u010da v kotlino, prva zmrzal pa napove, da se bo jesen hitro umaknila novi zimi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ojmjakon na severovzhodu Rusije velja za najhladnej\u0161i stalno naseljeni kraj na svetu. Temperature, ki se spu\u0161\u010dajo pod \u201350 stopinj Celzija, tam niso izjema, temve\u010d del dolge, neizprosne zime, ki traja ve\u010d kot osem mesecev. Za nas nepredstavljivo, za tamkaj\u0161nje prebivalce pa povsem obi\u010dajno.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":12312,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[82,127],"tags":[111,129,128],"topic":[276],"topic_color":[172],"class_list":["post-12311","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-meteopedija","category-vremenski-ekstremi","tag-mraz","tag-najhladnejsi-krja-na-svetu","tag-ojmjakon","topic-najhladnejsi-kraj-na-severni-polobli","topic_color-blue"],"yoast_head":"\nOjmjakon \u2013 \u017eivljenje v ledenem srcu Sibirije (Meteoinfo Slovenija)<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ojmjakon v Rusiji velja za najhladnej\u0161i stalno naseljeni kraj na svetu. 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